Mac 包管理工具 Homebrew

The missing package manager for macOS (or Linux)

Homebrew 是 Mac 上不可或缺的提升效率的工具之一，安装管理三方库非常方便，称之为神器一点也不违和。

安装

命令行安装

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

常规使用

查看帮助，通过帮助命令可以快速的了解工具

Example usage:
  brew search TEXT|/REGEX/
  brew info [FORMULA|CASK...]
  brew install FORMULA|CASK...
  brew update
  brew upgrade [FORMULA|CASK...]
  brew uninstall FORMULA|CASK...
  brew list [FORMULA|CASK...]
  
Troubleshooting:
  brew config
  brew doctor
  brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA|CASK
  
Contributing:
  brew create URL [--no-fetch]
  brew edit [FORMULA|CASK...]
  
Further help:
  brew commands
  brew help [COMMAND]
  man brew
  https://docs.brew.s

查看版本

brew --version
Homebrew 3.2.13
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision 8c2de31c095; last commit 2021-09-23)
Homebrew/homebrew-cask (git revision fc44a06e1b; last commit 2021-09-23)

查看配置信息

brew config
HOMEBREW_VERSION: 3.2.13
ORIGIN: git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git
HEAD: 109f24fd601177dea4a754b43efe684903db2a83
Last commit: 8 days ago
Core tap ORIGIN: git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
Core tap HEAD: 8c2de31c095c0025f447dd39f978a8506ed86bad
Core tap last commit: 5 days ago
Core tap branch: master
HOMEBREW_PREFIX: /usr/local
HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles
HOMEBREW_CASK_OPTS: []
HOMEBREW_MAKE_JOBS: 8
Homebrew Ruby: 2.6.3 => /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby
CPU: octa-core 64-bit haswell
Clang: 13.0.0 build 1300
Git: 2.30.1 => /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/git
Curl: 7.64.1 => /usr/bin/curl
macOS: 11.5.2-x86_64
CLT: 13.0.0.0.1.1630607135
Xcode: 13.0

安装

brew install tree  
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/tree-1.8.0.big_sur.
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring tree-1.8.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/tree/1.8.0: 8 files, 157.7KB
  
如果已经安装可以使用 reinstall 再次安装
brew install tree  
Warning: tree 1.8.0 is already installed and up-to-date.
To reinstall 1.8.0, run:
  brew reinstall tree

卸载

brew uninstall tree  
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/tree/1.8.0... (8 files, 117KB)

搜索库

brew search tree 
==> Formulae
as-tree         datree          tree ✔          treecc          tre
cherrytree      pstree          tree-sitter     treefrog
==> Casks
figtree                    sourcetree                 treesheets

查看包信息

brew info ffmpeg
ffmpeg: stable 4.4 (bottled), HEAD
Play, record, convert, and stream audio and video
https://ffmpeg.org/
Not installed
From: git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git/Formula/ffmpeg.rb
License: GPL-2.0-or-later
==> Dependencies
Build: nasm ✔, pkg-config ✔
Required: aom ✔, dav1d ✔, fontconfig ✔, freetype ✔, frei0r ✔, gnutls ✔, lame ✔, libass ✔, libbluray ✔, libsoxr ✔, libvidstab ✔, libvorbis ✔, libvpx ✔, opencore-amr ✔, openjpeg ✔, opus ✔, rav1e ✔, rubberband ✔, sdl2 ✔, snappy ✔, speex ✔, srt ✔, tesseract ✔, theora ✔, webp ✔, x264 ✔, x265 ✔, xvid ✔, xz ✔, zeromq ✔, zimg ✔
==> Options
--HEAD
	Install HEAD version
==> Analytics
install: 72,815 (30 days), 244,572 (90 days), 1,621,840 (365 days)
install-on-request: 57,454 (30 days), 195,761 (90 days), 1,340,918 (365 days)
build-error: 0 (30 days)

全面更新

➜  ~ brew update     
Updated 2 taps (homebrew/core and homebrew/cask).
==> New Formulae
cyral-gimme-db-token       lastz                      neovim-qt
==> Updated Formulae
coreutils ✔         feh                 literate-git        rover
fribidi ✔           flow                lmod                ruby-build
leptonica ✔         fonttools           localstack          ruby-install
aliyun-cli          fpart               logstash            rust-analyzer
angular-cli         functionalplus      mandoc              s2n
aravis              gd                  marp-cli            salt
arb                 gdu                 maxwell             seal
awscli              geckodriver         micronaut           semgrep
baobab              geph4               minio               serverless
bbtools             ghz                 minio-mc            simple-scan
bear                ghz-web             mint                smimesign
bgpq3               git-series          mockolo             snakemake
bison               gitfs               moto                snort
capnp               gitless             mydumper            solidity
cargo-c             glooctl             nativefier          sourcery
cargo-edit          gomodifytags        nats-server         spack
cargo-llvm-lines    gomplate            ncspot              sqlite-utils
cargo-outdated      goreleaser          neo4j               step
cargo-watch         gostatic            neovim              stgit
cdktf               gpsd                netlify-cli         structurizr-cli
cfn-lint            graphviz            newrelic-cli        subfinder
chapel              homeassistant-cli   no-more-secrets     svgo
checkov             immudb              node                swift-format
chezmoi             influxdb-cli        node-build          swift-protobuf
cilium-cli          infracost           ola                 terragrunt
circleci            ioctl               onnxruntime         tfsec
citus               ipopt               openalpr            thors-serializer
clarinet            ipython             opencv@3            tile38
cmark               istioctl            openssh             toast
commitizen          itstool             orientdb            torchvision
conmon              jc                  ormolu              truffle
consul-template     jruby               osm                 twarc
cpm                 jsonrpc-glib        parallel            uftrace
cppad               julia               pass-git-helper     urlview
cppzmq              kafka               php                 vala
cubejs-cli          kcgi                php@7.3             viddy
dar                 kcptun              php@7.4             vips
datalad             keptn               phpunit             virtualenv
datree              kn                  picat               vulkan-headers
delve               ko                  pmd                 webpack
devspace            kube-linter         pnpm                when
digdag              kubeconform         prestodb            whistle
doc8                lean-cli            psqlodbc            xcodegen
docker-slim         libcouchbase        pygitup             xmrig
dolt                libexif             pyright             xray
dotnet              libgit2             questdb             xterm
dprint              libgit2-glib        rabbitmq            yosys
druid               libmtp              radare2             yt-dlp
dvc                 libphonenumber      rancher-cli         zeek
esbuild             libplctag           red-tldr            zim
exploitdb           libtorch            rfcmarkup
fastlane            libvmaf             richmd
fava                libzip              riemann-client
==> New Casks
cloudash                   jupyterlab                 thetimemachinemechanic
dropbox-capture            rancher                    tidelift
firmaec                    remarkable
==> Updated Casks
010-editor                               keeper-password-manager
3dgenceslicer                            keyman
ableton-live-suite                       kotlin-native
ajour                                    kstars
almighty                                 kubenav
altair-graphql-client                    kui
anka-virtualization                      leapp
anydesk                                  lens
atlauncher                               librewolf
avocode                                  linear-linear
backblaze                                loaf
balenaetcher                             lofi
bibdesk                                  logisim-evolution
blitz                                    logseq
bunch                                    loom
cakebrewjs                               lrtimelapse
calibre                                  lunar-client
canva                                    macvim
chirp                                    mambaforge
chromedriver                             metasploit
chromium                                 microsoft-azure-storage-explorer
chronicle                                microsoft-edge
clamxav                                  microsoft-teams
clash-for-windows                        miro
clay                                     monitorcontrol
cocktail                                 mtgaprotracker
cog                                      mudlet
coolterm                                 mweb-pro
cozy-drive                               netron
crystalmaker                             ocenaudio
cutter                                   onionshare
dash                                     opencore-configurator
datweatherdoe                            operator
deepl                                    paw
deltachat                                plex
dingtalk                                 pop
dmenu-mac                                portfolioperformance
drawio                                   porting-kit
dwarf-fortress                           qqmusic
dwarf-fortress-lmp                       quaternion
electron                                 raycast
element                                  rocket-chat
eloston-chromium                         royal-tsx
enclave                                  sabnzbd
evernote                                 sapmachine-jdk
expressvpn                               session
fantastical                              sharemouse
far2l                                    signet
feishu                                   siyuan
figma                                    sparrow
firecamp                                 stats
firefox                                  tableau
flipper                                  telegram
flotato                                  telegram-desktop
foobar2000                               tempo
fork                                     temurin
free-download-manager                    termius
freedom                                  texstudio
freeplane                                thunderbird
futubull                                 tradingview
fvim                                     trezor-suite
geph                                     tutanota
ghost-browser                            unity
gns3                                     unity-android-support-for-editor
google-chrome                            unity-ios-support-for-editor
google-cloud-sdk                         unity-linux-support-for-editor
grammarly                                unity-lumin-support-for-editor
hstracker                                unity-webgl-support-for-editor
imazing                                  unity-windows-support-for-editor
invoker                                  videofusion
isubtitle                                webcatalog
isyncr                                   webex
ivideonserver                            xattred
jamf-migrator                            ximalaya
jamovi                                   yesplaymusic
jaxx-liberty                             yinxiangbiji
jprofiler                                yuque
julia                                    zerotier-one
jumpshare                                zoom-for-it-admins
keep-it
==> Deleted Casks
microsoft-lync                           microsoft-r-open
  
You have 25 outdated formulae and 1 outdated cask installed.
You can upgrade them with brew upgrade
or list them with brew outdated.

查看已经安装的包

brew list
==> Formulae
aom			libev			ninja
autoconf		libevent		oniguruma
autojump		libffi			opencore-amr
automake		libgpg-error		openjpeg
bdw-gc			libidn2			openssl@1.1
brotli			libksba			opus
c-ares			libogg			p11-kit
cairo			libpng			pcre
carthage		libpthread-stubs	pixman
cmake			libsamplerate		pkg-config
cocoapods		libsndfile		python@3.9
coreutils		libsodium		rav1e
curl			libsoxr			readline
dav1d			libtasn1		rubberband
fdk-aac			libtiff			sdl2
flac			libtool			snappy
fontconfig		libunistring		speex
freetype		libuv			sphinx-doc
frei0r			libvidstab		sqlite
fribidi			libvorbis		srt
gdbm			libvpx			tesseract
gettext			libx11			thefuck
giflib			libxau			theora
glib			libxcb			tree
gmp			libxdmcp		uchardet
gnutls			libxext			unbound
go			libxrender		watchman
gobject-introspection	libyaml			webp
graphite2		little-cms2		wget
guile			luajit			wrk
harfbuzz		lzo			x264
icu4c			m4			x265
jansson			mono			xctool
jemalloc		mpdecimal		xorgproto
jpeg			mrffmpeg		xvid
jq			mujs			xz
lame			nasm			yasm
leptonica		nettle			zeromq
libass			nghttp2			zimg
libbluray		nginx			zlib
  
==> Casks
provisionql

自我检查与修复
```
1
brew doctor
```

开发相关

Formula: brew 是一个通用的工具，理论上可以管理任意包，为了达到通用，brew 就为包安装定义了一套固定流程，所有的包安装步骤都是一样的，把不同的地方，当到包的配置文件里，brew 通过配置文件得知如何安装这个包，这个包依赖了哪些包，从哪里下载这个包，这个包是否提供预编译的二进制等信息，这个配置文件称为 Formula。

tap

存放 Formula 文件的 Git 仓库称为 tap。

查看当前 taps

brew tap          
homebrew/cask
homebrew/core
homebrew/services
iina/mpv-iina
matt/core

创建 tap

创建一个 Git 仓库，创建名为 Formula 的文件夹，然后在里面创建你包的 Formula 文件，这是一个仓库，所以可以存放很多包，Formula 文件。

第一次写不知道如何写，可以去 homebrew-core 随便找个看下 [Homebrew Formulae](https://formulae.brew.sh/)，比如这个是 ffmeg 的 Formula 文件，类名要和包名要一样，否则会报错，不要和已经存在的包同名。

包的 Formula 文件写好后，推送到 Git 服务器，然后让 brew 管理这个仓库，这样 brew 就能找到你这个 tap 里的包了，后续就可以 brew install 了。

# tap 路径自己命名，然后跟上 git 仓库地址
brew tap matt/core https://github.com/debugly/BrewFormula.git
# 安装 tap 里包含的库
brew install mrffmpeg

编辑 Formula 文件

brew edit mrffmpeg
Warning: edit is a developer command, so
Homebrew's developer mode has been automatically turned on.
To turn developer mode off, run brew developer off

Editing /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/matt/homebrew-core/Formula/mrffmpeg.rb
Warning: Using vim because no editor was set in the environment.
This may change in the future, so we recommend setting EDITOR,
or HOMEBREW_EDITOR to your preferred text editor.

测试 Formula 文件

开发包的 Formula 文件可能存在不合适的地方，需要多次编辑后，然后 install 库测试无误后，把最终的 Formula 文件复制出来，然后放到 git 仓库里提交。
对于其他用户，重新安装 tap 就会更新 Formula 文件

untap

移除使用 tap 安装的仓库。

brew untap matt/core                      

Error: Refusing to untap matt/core because it contains the following installed formulae or casks:

mrffmpeg

因为 mrffmpeg 库是通过 matt/core 这个 tap 安装的，因此不能移除这个 tap，需要先卸载 mrffmpeg 这个库才行。

brew uninstall mrffmpeg

Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/mrffmpeg/4.4_2... (245 files, 234MB)

brew untap matt/core  

Untapping matt/core...

Untapped 1 formula (33 files, 28.4KB).

小贴士

1、为了提升安装速度，一定要安装镜像 [[homebrew

镜像站使用帮助

清华大学开源软件镜像站

Tsinghua Open Source Mirror](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/)](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/)

2、Homebrew 经常会在执行命令的时候触发更新，如果你的确不想让他更新，可以 Ctrl+c 打断，原本的命令就会继续执行了，因为更新通常会稍微耗点时间如果长时间没有更新的话；建议几个月来一次 brew update ，确保使用的库都是最新最稳定的。

3、遇到问题可以追加 –verbose 查看详细日志

4、通过 brew 安装的包，如果有 lib 或者 dylib 生成，默认会放到 /usr/local/lib/ 下，头文件放在 /usr/local/include 下（里面都是软连接），实际包放在 /usr/local/Cellar/包名/版本目录下

5、同一个 tap 不可以使用不同的仓库，否则报错：

brew tap matt/core https://github/debugly/FFmpeg.git
Updating Homebrew...
==> Auto-updated Homebrew!
Updated 1 tap (homebrew/services).
No changes to formulae.

Error: Tap matt/core remote mismatch.
https://github.com/debugly/BrewFormula.git != https://github/debugly/FFmpeg.git

参考

官网

全部文档

Taps (Third-Party Repositories)

[程序员 Homebrew 使用指北 - 少数派 (sspai.com)](https://sspai.com/post/56009)

安装

常规使用

开发相关

tap

untap

小贴士

参考

CATALOG

FEATURED TAGS