我的 MBP 重装回 macOS Sierra 之后，系统自带的 Ruby 环境为 ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16 revision 53162)，我要安装 Jekyll，其中一个 gem 对 Ruby 版本有要求，必须是 2.1.0 以后版本才行！（liquid requires Ruby version >= 2.1.0.）我选择了 RVM 管理 Ruby 版本。
安装 RVM
简单理解下：RVM 管理 Ruby 版本的工具，具体 Ruby 版本通过 homebrew 去下载获取。接下来安装 RVM：
curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
安装过程：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.1.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.1/1.29.1.tar.gz.asc
Found PGP signature at: 'https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.1/1.29.1.tar.gz.asc',
but no GPG software exists to validate it, skipping.
Installing RVM to /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/
Adding rvm PATH line to /Users/xuqianlong/.profile /Users/xuqianlong/.mkshrc /Users/xuqianlong/.bashrc /Users/xuqianlong/.zshrc.
Adding rvm loading line to /Users/xuqianlong/.profile /Users/xuqianlong/.bash_profile /Users/xuqianlong/.zlogin.
Installation of RVM in /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/ is almost complete:
* To start using RVM you need to run `source /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/scripts/rvm`
in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
# xuqianlong,
#
# Thank you for using RVM!
# We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne, Michal & team.
In case of problems: https://rvm.io/help and https://twitter.com/rvm_io
如果遇到如下错误，可以直接在浏览器访问 https://get.rvm.io ，然后把内容复制保存成一个 sh 脚本
1
2
3
4
5
6
curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 194 100 194 0 0 316 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 316
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused
直接执行脚本安装：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
chmod +x install.rvm
➜ Desktop ./install.rvm
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/master.tar.gz
Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/qianlongxu/.rvm/
RVM PATH line found in /Users/qianlongxu/.mkshrc /Users/qianlongxu/.profile /Users/qianlongxu/.bashrc.
RVM PATH line not found for Zsh, rerun this command with '--auto-dotfiles' flag to fix it.
RVM sourcing line found in /Users/qianlongxu/.profile /Users/qianlongxu/.bash_profile /Users/qianlongxu/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/qianlongxu/.rvm/ is complete.
* RVM 1.30 simplifies behavior of 'rvm wrapper' subcommand
Thanks for installing RVM 🙏
Please consider donating to our open collective to help us maintain RVM.
👉 Donate: https://opencollective.com/rvm/donate
更新 Ruby
安装好 RVM 之后执行：
rvm list known 如果报错：
-bash: rvm: command not found
这时重新开个新的终端窗口执行即可，如果还是这个错，那么手动配置下path路径：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
bogon:~ xuqianlong$ rvm list known
# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.10]
[ruby-]2.2[.6]
[ruby-]2.3[.3]
[ruby-]2.4[.0]
ruby-head
# for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2
# JRuby
jruby-1.6[.8]
jruby-1.7[.26]
jruby[-9.1.7.0]
jruby-head
# Rubinius
rbx-1[.4.3]
rbx-2.3[.0]
rbx-2.4[.1]
rbx-2[.5.8]
rbx[-3.71]
rbx-head
# Opal
opal
# Minimalistic ruby implementation - ISO 30170:2012
mruby-1.0.0
mruby-1.1.0
mruby-1[.2.0]
mruby[-head]
# Ruby Enterprise Edition
ree-1.8.6
ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]
# Topaz
topaz
# MagLev
maglev[-head]
maglev-1.0.0
# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
macruby-0.10
macruby-0.11
macruby[-0.12]
macruby-nightly
macruby-head
# IronRuby
ironruby[-1.1.3]
ironruby-head
我不想安装那么新的版本，日后也要安装 CocoPods，他的最低要求版本是 2.2，所以我选择安装 2.2.6 版本:
bogon:~ xuqianlong$ rvm install ruby-2.2.6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
No binary rubies available for: osx/10.12/x86_64/ruby-2.2.6.
Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies.
Checking requirements for osx.
About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,
type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user)
:
==> This script will install:
/usr/local/bin/brew
/usr/local/share/doc/homebrew
/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1
/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew
/usr/local/Homebrew
==> The following existing directories will be made group writable:
/usr/local/bin
==> The following existing directories will have their owner set to xuqianlong:
/usr/local/bin
==> The following existing directories will have their group set to admin:
/usr/local/bin
==> The following new directories will be created:
/usr/local/Cellar
/usr/local/Homebrew
/usr/local/Frameworks
/usr/local/etc
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/opt
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/share
/usr/local/share/zsh
/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions
/usr/local/var
Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod u+rwx /usr/local/bin
Password:
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /usr/local/bin
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown xuqianlong /usr/local/bin
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/chgrp admin /usr/local/bin
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir -p /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/Homebrew /usr/local/Frameworks /usr/local/etc /usr/local/include /usr/local/lib /usr/local/opt /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions /usr/local/var
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/Homebrew /usr/local/Frameworks /usr/local/etc /usr/local/include /usr/local/lib /usr/local/opt /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions /usr/local/var
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod 755 /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown xuqianlong /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/Homebrew /usr/local/Frameworks /usr/local/etc /usr/local/include /usr/local/lib /usr/local/opt /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions /usr/local/var
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/chgrp admin /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/Homebrew /usr/local/Frameworks /usr/local/etc /usr/local/include /usr/local/lib /usr/local/opt /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions /usr/local/var
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir -p /Users/xuqianlong/Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Users/xuqianlong/Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown xuqianlong /Users/xuqianlong/Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir -p /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown xuqianlong /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
remote: Counting objects: 6463, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3911/3911), done.
remote: Total 6463 (delta 3738), reused 4283 (delta 2347), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (6463/6463), 3.58 MiB | 231.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3738/3738), done.
From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
* [new branch] master -> origin/master
* [new tag] 0.1 -> 0.1
* [new tag] 0.2 -> 0.2
* [new tag] 0.3 -> 0.3
* [new tag] 0.4 -> 0.4
* [new tag] 0.5 -> 0.5
* [new tag] 0.6 -> 0.6
* [new tag] 0.7 -> 0.7
* [new tag] 0.7.1 -> 0.7.1
* [new tag] 0.8 -> 0.8
* [new tag] 0.8.1 -> 0.8.1
* [new tag] 0.9 -> 0.9
* [new tag] 0.9.1 -> 0.9.1
* [new tag] 0.9.2 -> 0.9.2
* [new tag] 0.9.3 -> 0.9.3
* [new tag] 0.9.4 -> 0.9.4
* [new tag] 0.9.5 -> 0.9.5
* [new tag] 0.9.8 -> 0.9.8
* [new tag] 0.9.9 -> 0.9.9
* [new tag] 1.0.0 -> 1.0.0
* [new tag] 1.0.1 -> 1.0.1
* [new tag] 1.0.2 -> 1.0.2
* [new tag] 1.0.3 -> 1.0.3
* [new tag] 1.0.4 -> 1.0.4
* [new tag] 1.0.5 -> 1.0.5
* [new tag] 1.0.6 -> 1.0.6
* [new tag] 1.0.7 -> 1.0.7
* [new tag] 1.0.8 -> 1.0.8
* [new tag] 1.0.9 -> 1.0.9
* [new tag] 1.1.0 -> 1.1.0
* [new tag] 1.1.1 -> 1.1.1
* [new tag] 1.1.10 -> 1.1.10
* [new tag] 1.1.11 -> 1.1.11
* [new tag] 1.1.12 -> 1.1.12
* [new tag] 1.1.13 -> 1.1.13
* [new tag] 1.1.2 -> 1.1.2
* [new tag] 1.1.3 -> 1.1.3
* [new tag] 1.1.4 -> 1.1.4
* [new tag] 1.1.5 -> 1.1.5
* [new tag] 1.1.6 -> 1.1.6
* [new tag] 1.1.7 -> 1.1.7
* [new tag] 1.1.8 -> 1.1.8
* [new tag] 1.1.9 -> 1.1.9
* [new tag] 1.2.0 -> 1.2.0
* [new tag] 1.2.1 -> 1.2.1
* [new tag] 1.2.2 -> 1.2.2
* [new tag] 1.2.3 -> 1.2.3
HEAD is now at 80ce43d Merge pull request #2776 from GauthamGoli/audit_checksum_rubocop_fix
==> Tapping homebrew/core
Cloning into '/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...
remote: Counting objects: 4444, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4245/4245), done.
remote: Total 4444 (delta 35), reused 463 (delta 13), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (4444/4444), 3.53 MiB | 93.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (35/35), done.
Tapped 4243 formulae (4,487 files, 11MB)
==> Cleaning up /Library/Caches/Homebrew...
==> Migrating /Library/Caches/Homebrew to /Users/xuqianlong/Library/Caches/Homeb
==> Deleting /Library/Caches/Homebrew...
Already up-to-date.
==> Installation successful!
==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analytics.
Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
http://docs.brew.sh/Analytics.html
==> Next steps:
- Run `brew help` to get started
- Further documentation:
http://docs.brew.sh
Installing requirements for osx.
Updating system.........
Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, coreutils, libyaml, readline, libksba, openssl..........
Certificates in '/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem' are already up to date.
Requirements installation successful.
Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.6, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-2.2.6 - #downloading ruby-2.2.6, this may take a while depending on your connection...
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 12.7M 100 12.7M 0 0 4958k 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 4958k
ruby-2.2.6 - #extracting ruby-2.2.6 to /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/src/ruby-2.2.6...-
ruby-2.2.6 - #configuring......................................................-
ruby-2.2.6 - #post-configuration.
ruby-2.2.6 - #compiling........................................................-
ruby-2.2.6 - #installing..........
ruby-2.2.6 - #making binaries executable..
ruby-2.2.6 - #downloading rubygems-2.6.12
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 749k 100 749k 0 0 858k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 858k
No checksum for downloaded archive, recording checksum in user configuration.
ruby-2.2.6 - #extracting rubygems-2.6.12....
ruby-2.2.6 - #removing old rubygems.........
ruby-2.2.6 - #installing rubygems-2.6.12.........................
ruby-2.2.6 - #gemset created /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6@global
ruby-2.2.6 - #importing gemset /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems......|
ruby-2.2.6 - #generating global wrappers........
ruby-2.2.6 - #gemset created /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6
ruby-2.2.6 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/xuqianlong/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
ruby-2.2.6 - #generating default wrappers........
ruby-2.2.6 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake).
Install of ruby-2.2.6 - #complete
Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri
查看版本：
1
2
bogon:~ xuqianlong$ ruby -v
ruby 2.2.6p396 (2016-11-15 revision 56800)
Ruby 版本已经成功升级，接下来就可以安装 Jekyll, CocoPods 这些库了。
可能出现的错误
1、在执行 rvm install ruby-2.2.6 的过程中可能会出错，比如这个:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
No binary rubies available for: osx/10.12/x86_64/ruby-2.2.6.
Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies.
Checking requirements for osx.
Installing requirements for osx.
Updating system...........
Error running 'requirements_osx_brew_update_system ruby-2.2.6',
showing last 15 lines of /Users/qianlongxu/.rvm/log/1503014778_ruby-2.2.6/update_system.log
https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/wiki/Common-Issues
and make sure `brew update` works before continuing.'
++ rvm_pretty_print stderr
++ case "${rvm_pretty_print_flag:=auto}" in
++ case "${TERM:-dumb}" in
++ case "$1" in
++ [[ -t 2 ]]
++ return 1
++ printf %b 'Failed to update Homebrew, follow instructions here:
https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/wiki/Common-Issues
and make sure `brew update` works before continuing.\n'
Failed to update Homebrew, follow instructions here:
https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/wiki/Common-Issues
and make sure `brew update` works before continuing.
++ return 1
Requirements installation failed with status: 1.
发生这个错误的原因是: Failed to update Homebrew !
于是我就尝试执行: brew update
1
2
3
Error: /usr/local is not writable. You should change the ownership
and permissions of /usr/local back to your user account:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local
这个问题是老版本的 Homwbrew 需要 /usr/local 目录的 ownership，因此执行下 sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local 就可以继续了；
brew 更新完毕后有这样一个提示:
1
2
3
4
5
==> Migrating HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY (please wait)...
==> Migrated HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY to /usr/local/Homebrew!
Homebrew no longer needs to have ownership of /usr/local. If you wish you can
return /usr/local to its default ownership with:
sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local
于是更新完毕后，我又把权限修改回去了：sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local.
2、安装成功后，查看 ruby 版本还是系统自动的 2.0.0，使用rvm看的话，确实已经安装了，这是怎么回事？
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
qianlongxu:~ qianlongxu$ ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16 revision 53162) [universal.x86_64-darwin16]
qianlongxu:~ qianlongxu$ rvm list
rvm rubies
=* ruby-2.2.6 [ x86_64 ]
# => - current
# =* - current && default
# * - default
rvm 可以切换 ruby 版本的，使用 rvm use，只要是 rvm list 列出来的，都可以切换，切换时直接跟上版本号就行了：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
qianlongxu:~ qianlongxu$ rvm use 2.2.6
RVM is not a function, selecting rubies with 'rvm use ...' will not work.
You need to change your terminal emulator preferences to allow login shell.
Sometimes it is required to use `/bin/bash --login` as the command.
Please visit https://rvm.io/integration/gnome-terminal/ for an example.
qianlongxu:~ qianlongxu$ rvm use '2.2.6'
RVM is not a function, selecting rubies with 'rvm use ...' will not work.
You need to change your terminal emulator preferences to allow login shell.
Sometimes it is required to use `/bin/bash --login` as the command.
Please visit https://rvm.io/integration/gnome-terminal/ for an example.
再次遇到问题，rvm use 不是个命令！不要急继续往下看，问题是由于 shell 的执行环境不对，修改下登录shell即可：
1
2
3
4
5
qianlongxu:~ qianlongxu$ /bin/bash --login
qianlongxu:~ qianlongxu$ rvm use 2.2.6
Using /Users/qianlongxu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6
qianlongxu:~ qianlongxu$ ruby -v
ruby 2.2.6p396 (2016-11-15 revision 56800) [x86_64-darwin16]
3、如果你遇到了第二个问题的话，你可能会发现，关闭终端后再次打开，ruby的版本又变成系统的2.0.0了！
原因可能是，你在设置-用户与群组-高级选项里-登录shell里设置了其他shell导致的，改为 /bin/bash 即可。
以上问题是我切换 Mac 用户名之后导致的，一般情况下应该不会遇到的。
参考链接
- How to update Ruby Version 2.0.0 to the latest version in Mac OSX Yosemite
- https://ruby-china.org/wiki/rvm-guide
- http://rvm.io/rubies/default
- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23963018/rvm-is-not-a-function-selecting-rubies-with-rvm-use-will-not-work
